How to Check Your Car's Power Steering Fluid Level

If you have been lucky enough to drive a vehicle made before 1950, you know it took a bit more effort to turn the wheel than you require on modern cars, thanks to the power steering systems. The power steering system is vital for safe and smooth driving, especially at low speeds.

However, your power steering fluid must be at the proper levels for the system to function correctly. Checking power steering fluid is simple and will take only a few minutes, though some people still struggle. Here is a step-by-step guide to checking your car's power steering fluid level.

Understanding power steering fluid

A car's power steering fluid is a hydraulic fluid specifically designed for power steering systems. It reduces friction between the various moving parts within the steering system, ensuring smooth and efficient operation. The fluid also helps lubricate the system, prevent corrosion, and dissipate heat generated by the system's components. The system would fail without adequate fluid, resulting in a stiff and unresponsive steering wheel. This can make driving hazardous, especially at low speeds or during tight maneuvers.

However, not all vehicles require power steering fluid. Only cars equipped with hydraulic power steering require this fluid. Initially, hydraulic power steering was the standard, but more recent models usually have electric power steering (EPS). Electric power steering systems are lighter, more responsive, and more efficient than hydraulic systems.

Why do you need to check your car's power steering fluid?

As a car driver, you should be able to perform several basic car maintenance tasks yourself. This is because it can help keep your car in good shape and lower maintenance costs. One of these tasks is checking the power steering fluid.

Over time, power steering fluid can degrade, become contaminated, or leak. This can lead to reduced performance or even failure of the power steering system. Reasons why you need to check the power steering fluid include;

• It ensures smooth and responsive steering.
• It prevents damage to the power steering pump.
• You will identify potential leaks.
• It prevents contamination and degradation.
• It extends the life of the steering system.
• Improves driving comfort.

As a thumb rule, you should check the power steering fluid at least four times a year. Most importantly, ensure you check your car owner's manual for manufacturer recommendations. That said, there are some signs that indicate all is not well within your steering system, like;

• Unusual noises, such as whining or groaning when turning the steering wheel.
• Heavy or still steering.
• Discolored fluid.
• Inconsistent power steering performance.

How to check your car's power steering fluid level

Checking the power steering fluid level is easy and quick. However, before you begin, you must gather the necessary tools. You will need a car owner's manual, rag or paper towel, flashlight, and a funnel. Now, follow the steps below.

Locate the power steering fluid reservoir

Although the location may differ depending on the vehicle, the power steering fluid reservoir is often located close to the engine on the passenger side. It's a small, translucent container with a top labeled "Power Steering," or it will be just the steering wheel symbol in some cars. If you have trouble finding it, refer to your vehicle owner's manual for the exact location.

Check the fluid level

Once you have located the reservoir, ensure the engine is turned off before proceeding. While you can still check with the engine running, it's dangerous due to the moving parts. If you have been driving, give the engine a few minutes to cool down.

There are two ways to check the fluid level, so use the applicable method for your car.

• If your reservoir is translucent with level-indicating markings on the side, just read where the fluid reaches. Use a torch if you cannot see clearly. Depending on your car, the marking could be MIN, MAX, COLD, or HOT. MIN indicates the lowest level the fluid should reach, while MAX indicates the maximum. COLD indicates the fluid should reach there when the engine is cold, and vice versa.
• Use the dipstick method if your reservoir is made of metal or does not have markings. Start by wiping the reservoir cap to remove dirt or debris and prevent contamination. Next, twist the cap counterclockwise to remove it. The cap will have a dipstick attached to it. Take out the dipstick and wipe it clean using a tidy paper towel or a piece of cloth. Reinsert it fully and then remove it again to check the level.

Assess fluid condition

When checking the fluid level, remember its condition, too. Fresh steering fluid is clear, pink, or red. However, as it ages and deteriorates due to usage, it will start looking darker.

Check the paper towel you used to wipe the dipstick. If it's dark brown or black, the fluid needs to be replaced. You can also shine a flashlight inside the reservoir to check its condition.

Two more things to check are consistency and smell. The fluid should not have debris. If you notice any, it could indicate wear in the system, and you should have it inspected by a professional. Moreover, the power steering fluid should not have a burnt smell. If it does, it may be overheated, and you should have the system checked.

Add fluid if necessary

You will need to add more if the fluid is below the "MIN" line. However, before you do so, check your owner's manual to ensure you use the correct fluid. Usually, there are various types of fluids, but the most common include;

• Mineral-based fluids: These are basic fluids made from refined mineral oils.
• Synthetic fluids: These are made from chemically engineered materials. They are designed to offer superior performance, especially in extreme weather.
• ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid): For some cars, automatic transmission fluid doubles as power steering fluid.

Once you get the suitable fluid, place a funnel into the reservoir mouth. It's not mandatory to use a funnel, but it helps prevent spillage. Add the fluid gradually, checking the level to avoid overfilling. Once done, remove the funnel and securely replace the reservoir cap.

Check for leaks

A good driver wants to ensure everything is working well in the car. After topping up the fluid:

• Check for any leaks in the system.
• Look around the base of the reservoir for any signs of fluid leakage.
• Follow the hoses to and from the reservoir and check for cracks or wet spots.
• Check the ground under the car for any puddles or drips. If you notice any leaks, take the car to a mechanic as soon as possible to have the power steering system inspected.

Unfortunately, if your car needs a power steering system replacement, you will usually have to pay out of pocket. Your auto insurance will only pay for damage caused by an accident, not from general wear and tear or mechanical malfunctions.

Does dirty power steering fluid mean it needs to be changed?

Yes. There's nothing you can do to salvage dirty steering fluid. When it gets filthy, it's contaminated with dirt or debris. Its ability to lubricate components is compromised, and it can introduce corrosive elements to the steering system or damage the power steering pump.

To change the fluid, you will need to drain the old fluid completely, flush the system, refill it with fresh fluids, and bleed it to remove any air bubbles that may have gotten in. Manufacturers recommend changing steering fluid every 40,000 to 80,000 miles or every two to three years. Always check your owner's manual for the exact period.

Final thought

Changing your car's steering fluid is easy but necessary. It ensures that the power steering system is working correctly. Follow the above steps to check and change your car's power steering fluid, and remember always to cross-check your car owner's manual.